{"id":17546,"date":"2015-03-08T15:47:30","date_gmt":"2015-03-08T13:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tdv.org\/tr-TR\/?p=17546"},"modified":"2023-05-15T15:40:47","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T12:40:47","slug":"iyiligin-gucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdv.org\/tr-TR\/iyiligin-gucu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130yili\u011fin G\u00fcc\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Mehmedo\u011flu
\nM.\u00dc. \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan iyilikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve iyilik, varolu\u015fun en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 ve erdemlerindendir. \u0130yilik, b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri savunan, koruyan ve destekleyen her \u015feydir. De\u011ferler, insan\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n en kadim ve en temel alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. De\u011ferleri ve insan\u0131n de\u011ferlerle irtibat\u0131n\u0131 anlamak ve ayd\u0131nlatmak ve buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak insana dair birtak\u0131m yorum ve de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunmak, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve berrak bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ortaya koymak, her zaman ve her zeminde ilgi \u00e7ekici olmu\u015ftur. Zira de\u011ferler, insanla vard\u0131r ve insanla anlam kazan\u0131r. \u0130nsan da de\u011ferleriyle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan hayat\u0131nda bu kadar \u00f6nemli olan de\u011ferler nedir o h\u00e2lde? B\u00f6ylesine eski ve \u00f6nemli bir konuda, herkesin beklentilerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veren kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 bir tan\u0131m, tatmin edici ve kesin bir cevap bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak yine de de\u011ferlerin, genellikle, insanlar\u0131n kendilerinde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 arzulad\u0131klar\u0131, eri\u015fmek istedikleri; insanlara ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hayata rehberlik eden; kimi zaman biri di\u011ferinden daha \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelen; ancak de\u011fi\u015fen durumlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmeyen ve yok olmayan ama\u00e7 ve hedefler oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlerin, \u00e7o\u011fu kere, kavramlar, normatif standartlar ve ama\u00e7lar ve e\u011filimler ve inan\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. De\u011ferlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ise birey, toplum, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve din g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir de\u011fer ve erdemlerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak iyilik, \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gelene\u011finde, hayr, birr, ma\u2019ruf, hasene, salih amel vb. gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kavramlarla ifade edilen geni\u015f ve zengin bir anlam ufkuna sahiptir. Farkl\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 da bulunmakla birlikte hayr, genellikle, \u201cak\u0131l, adalet, fazilet ve faydal\u0131 nesne gibi herkesin arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey\u201d; birr, \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc iyilik, ihsan, itaat, do\u011fruluk, g\u00fcnahs\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d; ma\u2019ruf ise \u201cgerek s\u00f6z gerekse davran\u0131\u015fla insanlar\u0131n iyilik ve mutlulu\u011fu, dirlik ve d\u00fczenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan erdemlerle ve bu erdemler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ortaya koyaca\u011f\u0131 eylemlerle yetkinle\u015fir. \u0130yilik de, bir duygu, tutum, davran\u0131\u015f ve de\u011fer olarak din\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve deneyimin i\u00e7inde temel ve vazge\u00e7ilmez bir erdem olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7indir ki b\u00fct\u00fcn dinler erdemli olmay\u0131 \u0131srarla tavsiye etmi\u015f, peygamberler de o erdemleri bizzat ya\u015fayarak insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6rnek olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Keza k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck veya \u015fer ve bundan kaynaklanan zarar, musibet, fitne, fesat, suizan, yalan, g\u00fcnah gibi tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar da kesin bir dille yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve insanlar bu konuda uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f itibariyla kar\u015f\u0131t e\u011filimlerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 olan insan nefsi, iyi g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yeteneklerle donan\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe sevk edici e\u011filim ve y\u00f6nlendirmelere de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ifadesiyle, \u201cNefse ve onu dengeleyene, ona hem k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hem de k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten sak\u0131nmay\u0131 ilham edene and olsun ki nefsini ar\u0131nd\u0131ran kimse kurtulu\u015fa erer. Nefsini kirletip g\u00fcnahlara bo\u011fan ise h\u00fcsrana u\u011frar.\u201d Yani iyilik ve z\u0131tt\u0131 olan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan dayat\u0131lan \u015feyler olmay\u0131p, k\u00f6kleri insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan tercihlerdir. Bu durum, bir ba\u015fka ayette, \u201cBununla birlikte ben nefsimi tamamen temize \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rabbim esirgeyip korumasa nefs insan\u0131 hep k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6neltir.\u201d \u015feklinde haber verilmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan insan\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fc ser\u00fcveni, iyilik ile k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck veya hay\u0131r ile \u015fer aras\u0131nda gidip gelen bir tercih s\u00fcreci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu tercih s\u00fcreci, insan\u0131n tam ve eksiksiz olma, kendisiyle, di\u011fer insanlarla, d\u00fcnya ile ve nihayetinde Yaratan ile tam bir uyum i\u00e7inde olma durumuna gelinceye kadar devam eder. Aliya \u0130zzetbegovi\u00e7\u2019in ifade etti\u011fi gibi, insana bah\u015fedilen bu tercih yetene\u011fi, neticesi ne olursa olsun, k\u00e2inatta m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan varolu\u015fun en y\u00fcksek \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130yilik, b\u00fct\u00fcn erdemlerin zirvesidir. Ancak zirveye ula\u015fmak, uzun u\u011fra\u015flar ve zahmetli \u00e7abalar sonucunda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Zira insan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok engeller ve \u00e7eldiriciler mevcuttur. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck daha \u00e7abuk yay\u0131l\u0131r, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnekler daha kolayca benimsenebilir ve hen\u00fcz e\u011filimleri aras\u0131nda denge kuramam\u0131\u015f insanlar k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015flara \u00e7abucak y\u00f6nelebilirler. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle iyili\u011fi bilmek, onu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten ay\u0131rmak ve iyili\u011fin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle asla bir olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 idrak etmek, ard\u0131ndan da k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyilikle savmak, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe iyilikle mukabelede bulunmak ve iyiliklerin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri giderdi\u011finin fark\u0131nda olmak gerekir. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcminlerin \u00f6zellikle bu bilin\u00e7te olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ister ve Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \u015fahs\u0131nda onlara iyili\u011fin, \u015fefkat ve merhametin birle\u015ftirici g\u00fcc\u00fc konusunda uyar\u0131larda bulunur. \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n sana l\u00fctfetti\u011fi \u015fefkat ve merhametten dolay\u0131 onlara yumu\u015fak davrand\u0131n. Kaba ve kat\u0131 y\u00fcrekli olsayd\u0131n, onlara sert ve k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 davransayd\u0131n, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz etraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r giderlerdi\u2026\u201d \u0130yilik yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdad\u0131r, elimizin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, \u00e7ok uzaklarda, do\u011fuda veya bat\u0131da de\u011fildir. Ancak iyilik yapan insan kendini a\u015far ve kendi \u00f6tesindekilere ula\u015f\u0131r. Bunu yapamayanlar ise kendi i\u00e7lerinde d\u00f6n\u00fcp durur ve bir anlamda t\u0131kan\u0131p kal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam medeniyeti bir hay\u0131r veya iyilik, \u015fefkat ve merhamet medeniyeti olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ve Hz. Peygamberin iyi olma ve iyilik yapma do\u011frultusundaki \u0131srarl\u0131 ve kesin vurgular\u0131 ve hay\u0131rda yar\u0131\u015fma ilkesi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 her zaman ve mek\u00e2nda \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve kurulu\u015flar olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na vesile olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede vak\u0131flar, \u015fifahaneler, yetimhaneler, imarethaneler, a\u015fevi, d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnler evi, \u00e7ocuk yurtlar\u0131, cami, medrese, kervansaray, okul, sebil, k\u00f6pr\u00fc vs. gibi bir\u00e7ok eser tesis edilmi\u015f, hay\u0131rda yar\u0131\u015fma ilkesi i\u015flevsel ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130yilik, \u00e7ok boyutlu ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir eylemdir. Psikolojik, sosyolojik, siyasi ve iktisadi a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fim, de\u011fi\u015fim, etkile\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere yol a\u00e7ar. \u0130yilik, ne \u015fekilde olursa olsun iyilikte bulunan bireylerin sevgi, huzur, g\u00fcven, \u015fefkat, merhamet, di\u011ferk\u00e2ml\u0131k ve adalet gibi olumlu ve yap\u0131c\u0131 duygu ve yeteneklerini geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi gibi; kin, haset, fesat, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, kibir, gurur, intikam ve zul\u00fcm gibi olumsuz ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 duygular\u0131na da set \u00e7eker, bunlar\u0131n ne\u015fv\u00fcnema bulmas\u0131na engel olur. Di\u011fer taraftan iyilik, cesaret ve \u00fcmit gibi olumlu duygular\u0131n geli\u015fmesine ve korkakl\u0131k, sefalet, sefahat, zillet, meskenet, yeis gibi olumsuz durumlarla ba\u015f etme ve onlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme iradesi geli\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u0130yilik, empati yetene\u011fini de geli\u015ftirerek duygular\u0131n insan\u0131n kendi i\u00e7ine hapsolmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya ve bu sayede onlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meye, onlar\u0131n ac\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00f6nayak olur. \u0130nan\u00e7 ve ahlak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir yetkinle\u015fme vesilesi olan iyilik, psikolojik bak\u0131mdan, hem iyilik yapan ve hem de iyilik yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkilere sahiptir. Di\u011fer yandan iyilik, ayn\u0131 toplumda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n birlik, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na vesile olur. \u0130stif\u00e7ili\u011fi, tekelcili\u011fi, d\u00fcnyevile\u015fmeyi, materyalizmi, meta sevgisini, t\u00fcketim \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iktidar h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 engeller, mal ve paran\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve bu sayede toplumsal huzur, bar\u0131\u015f, payla\u015f\u0131m ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131 temin eder. \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ortadan kalkmas\u0131na, sevgi, sayg\u0131, istikrar ve adaletin tesisine katk\u0131da bulunur. \u0130nsan\u0131 insan\u0131n kurdu de\u011fil, dostu yapar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, iyili\u011fin de d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli erdemlerin, psikolojinin, klinik, sa\u011fl\u0131k, geli\u015fim, sosyal ve \u00f6zellikle din psikolojisi ve pozitif psikoloji gibi farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131nca art\u0131k daha fazla dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, bu erdemlerin ruhsal, fiziksel ve ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerdeki i\u015flevleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan genel olarak olumlu etkilerde bulundu\u011funa i\u015faret ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak iyili\u011fin ki\u015filik \u00fczerindeki etkilerine ve hayattaki \u00f6nemli i\u015flevlerine ili\u015fkin bulgulara ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 iyilik de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn erdemlerin, sadece ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 birer ki\u015filik \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmakla kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 ve ki\u015fili\u011fi olumlu y\u00f6nde bi\u00e7imlendirdikleri s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanabilir bir d\u00fcnya, ancak iyilikle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k iyilikte \u0131srar etmeli, onun s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve iyilikte uzla\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yilik, ba\u015fkas\u0131nda var olmak, \u00f6tekine sevdalanmakt\u0131r. \u0130yili\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnya, sadece kendine sevdal\u0131 ve kendi yoksul ve yoksun evreninde d\u00f6n\u00fcp duran bencil, \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 ve antipatik bireyler \u00fcretir. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nevrotik insan\u0131n\u0131n ve gittik\u00e7e yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta olan depresif ruh h\u00e2linin \u015fifas\u0131, iyilikten ve iyilik yapmaktan ge\u00e7er. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n vebas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen anlams\u0131zl\u0131k, ama\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131k ve bo\u015fluk duygusu ve bunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 korku, kayg\u0131, bulant\u0131, \u00f6fke ve can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 da ancak insan\u0131n kutsal ile kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kurmas\u0131, manev\u00ee k\u00f6klerine sar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iyili\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Mutlak \u0130yi\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesiyle a\u015f\u0131labilir. Hayat\u0131n belki de en \u00f6nemli anlam\u0131 bu olmal\u0131d\u0131r: kendini a\u015fmak, kendi \u00f6tesine ula\u015fmak. Bu da ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri savunan, koruyan ve destekleyen iyilikle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Ali Ulvi Mehmedo\u011flu M.\u00dc. \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u0130nsan iyilikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve iyilik, varolu\u015fun en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 ve erdemlerindendir. \u0130yilik, b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri savunan, koruyan ve destekleyen her \u015feydir. De\u011ferler, insan\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":17547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1621],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17546","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-iyilik-odulleri-makaleler"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130yili\u011fin G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130nsan iyilikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve iyilik, varolu\u015fun en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 ve erdemlerindendir. \u0130yilik, b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri savunan, koruyan ve destekleyen her \u015feydir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tdv.org\/tr-TR\/iyiligin-gucu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta 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